Australia prioritises the integrity of its healthcare system and protection of the Australian community. All visas generally require an assessment of the applicant’s medical conditions and criminal history. This involves a health examination and a police check.

A person may not meet the health requirement if they have a communicable disease or a medical condition that would result in significant costs to Australia’s healthcare services. However, for some visas, a health waiver can be requested where a person can demonstrate that they are a benefit to Australia and can mitigate the costs of their treatment.

Character issues include, not only criminal history, but also any adverse immigration records. A person must declare any criminal charges and convictions, visa cancellations or overstay, and any allegations of physical or sexual violence. A person must demonstrate that they are unlikely to reoffend or reengage in adverse conduct by providing evidence of reformed or rehabilitated behaviour.